In summary, though, Ignaz Semmelweiss had the temerity to suggest to physicians in Austria in the mid-1800's that their habits of not washing their hands before attending to women in childbirth was causing significant numbers of deaths (from puerperal fever or "childbed death"). In those days to suggest this was an insult to his social superiors. Handwashing was not common medical practice, and in some cases, doctors would come straight from dissecting corpses in the morgue to the bedside of pregnant women in labour, without washing their hands. Despite overwhelming evidence in favour of his idea, handwashing did not become common practice and Semmelweiss was forced out of Austria and died at his own hand when he infected himself with a scalpel.
Vonnegut punches this story out like he's slapping the faces of his audience - wake up, people! sometimes the status quo IS our problem.